{"id":1491,"date":"2026-07-04T19:40:27","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T16:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/butshikan.com\/?p=1491"},"modified":"2026-07-04T20:13:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T16:43:08","slug":"%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%db%8c%da%a9%d8%a7-%d8%af-%d8%ae%d9%be%d9%84%d9%88%d8%a7%da%a9%db%8d-%db%b2%db%b5%db%b0-%d9%85%d9%87-%da%a9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%b2%d9%87%d8%9b-%d8%aa%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/butshikan.com\/?p=1491","title":{"rendered":"\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u06cd \u06f2\u06f5\u06f0 \u0645\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u0632\u0647\u061b \u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644 \u0647\u06d0\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u0628\u06d0 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0644\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0633 \u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0644\u0633\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u0633\u0644\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u062e\u067e\u0644 \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0631 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u067e\u0633\u062a \u0641\u0637\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0636\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0634\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u062f <\/span>\u00ab\u0622\u0631\u062c\u06d0 \u06a9\u0644\u0627\u0631\u06a9<\/span>\u00bb \u067e\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0645 \u06cc\u0648 \u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e \u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u06cc\u06a9\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u06f1\u06f7\u06f1\u06f8 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u062a\u0631 \u06f1\u06f7\u06f7\u06f5 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u067e\u0648\u0631\u06d0 \u0644\u0696 \u062a\u0631 \u0644\u0696\u0647 \u06f5\u06f2\u06f0\u06f0\u06f0 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0627 \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0693\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0648\u060c \u062f\u0627 \u067c\u0648\u0644 \u0647\u063a\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06a9\u06d0 \u069a\u06a9\u06d0\u0644 \u0648\u0648\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0693\u06cc \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0686\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648 \u067e\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u064a\u064a \u0686\u06d0 <\/span>\u00ab\u062f \u062f\u06d0 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062f\u0627 \u0648\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0644\u0647 \u062e\u0628\u0627\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0685\u062e\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u064a<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0644\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u06cc \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647<\/span>:<\/span> <\/strong><\/p>\n

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\u06a9\u0647 \u0648\u063a\u0648\u0627\u0693\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062e\u0628\u0627\u062b\u062a \u0627\u0648 \u062c\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0693\u0648 \u0646\u0648 \u0689\u06d0\u0631 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0693\u062a\u06cc\u0627 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u06d0 \u0689\u06a9 \u0634\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0648 \u0681\u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0648 \u0686\u06d0 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627 \u062f \u0646\u0693\u06cc \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u062e \u062f \u0633\u0631\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06d0 \u063a\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0644\u0627\u0633 \u062f \u0633\u0644\u06ab\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u06a9\u0648 \u067e\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062f \u0681\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u062f\u0648\u0633\u062a \u069a\u0648\u062f\u0644\u0648 \u067c\u0648\u0644\u06d0 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u06d0 \u06cc\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f\u064a\u060c \u062f \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627 \u062f\u06cc \u0686\u06d0 \u062f\u0648\u06cc \u062f \u063a\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0689\u0627\u06a9\u0648\u06ab\u0627\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0686\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0648\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0647 \u0686\u06d0 \u0647\u06d0\u0685 \u06a9\u0648\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u0630\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0646\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u06d0 \u062f \u0648\u062e\u062a \u062f \u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u067e\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d0 \u06cc\u0648\u0627\u0632\u06d0 \u067e\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0648 \u0648\u06cc\u0646\u0648 \u0628\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0647 \u062e\u067e\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0627\u062a\u0644\u06d0 \u062f\u0647<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u06d0 \u062f\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u067e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0696 \u067e\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0646\u0693\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0648 \u062f \u0641\u0633\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0693\u06d0 \u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062e\u062a\u0645\u06d0 \u06a9\u0693\u064a<\/span>. \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0646<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2217\u2217\u2217\u2217<\/p>\n

\n

1<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u064a\u06a9\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0689\u06cc\u0627<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

2<\/a> \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0631\u0627\u067e\u0648\u0631<\/span>: https:\/\/dia.upenn.edu\/en\/content\/WilliamsC003\/<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

3<\/a> \u06cc\u0648\u067c\u06cc\u0648\u0628 \u0648\u064a\u0689\u06cc\u0648<\/span>: The collapse of the American Empire \u2013 Lecture featuring Chirs hedges<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

4<\/a> \u062f \u06f1\u06f4\u06f3\u06f3 \u0647\u0640<\/span>.\u0642 \u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u062e\u0637\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0686\u06d0 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06d0 <\/span>\u00ab\u0637\u0627\u063a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646<\/span>\u00bb \u062f\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/span><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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